Women's rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Women's rights - Essay Example I chose the two papers for the high mindedness of the writers and for the subject matters relating to aspects of the empowerment of women and the advancement of women’s causes. An underlying theme or thread in the two works is that women are both intellectually and morally capable to secure an equal place in society with men, not only in matters of economics and such things as the right to property as well as relations with men, but also in important political aspects, such as suffrage. In other words both argue for the securing of the various rights of women, as they pertain to being equal to men in those fundamental huiman rights. The thinking of course is that at the time of their writing the two works reflect imbalances and injustices in the way these rights are recognized along gender rights, with women’s rights not recognized in the same degree as men’s rights, if at all (Fuller; May). This document was written by Margaret Fuller, who was considered a feminist, and bright and intellectual enough to be in the company of the Transcendentalists. In a way she was writing the piece for both the Transcendalists and the general society, in hopes of addressing the systemic discrimination against women in society and the denial of their inherent rights as human beings, in parity with the men (Fuller).. The first major point in the article is with regard to the conditions that women found themselves in, which is basically akin to slavery, in that they are unable to hold property, and are dependent on their husbands for whatever they get even when widowed. This, even as women are abused by vicious men, and made to suffer while the men live off their labors and their love like parasites. Fuller asserts too, that she is a slave in other ways, but this first point sets the stage for the airing of grievances so to speak, and by way of arguing for the recognition of the wider

Law Enforcement Function Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law Enforcement Function - Assignment Example There are several steps towards approaching this model, and the number decreases at each step due to weakening. This model is crucial as it has been known to prevent the overcrowding of the criminal justice. This has an influence on the police department because the criminal justice starts with the crime being committed and a careful follow up on the crime is done (Reichel, 2002). Therefore, the fact that it prevents the overcrowding of the criminal justice shows that the number of trials decline and the overall number of people imprisoned reduces significantly. This has proved to save man hours, as well as money. The wedding cake model is an illustration on how different cases are grouped in a sequential manner according to their sensitivity, with the less sensitive case at the bottom and the more sensitive at the top. In a police department, the wedding has some influence as it follows the different layers; to know the stand of the judiciary (Reichel, 2002).The most sensitive cases attract different reactions from the public, which may give incorrect information about the criminal justice process. During the processing of the case, this model ensures that each layer is handled according to each individual and that similar cases are treated systematically, which is very helpful in a police department (Reichel, 2002). The third model is the net model, which is an illustration on why some cases never proceed to the court of law. In this model, a clear illustration is given on why some offenders are allowed to exit while others struggle only to find themselves entrapped, and this is important in the police department (Reichel, 2002). The structure and procedure of a police department differ from crime control model to due process models as illustrated hereunder. The purpose of the crime control department is to prevent department by all means by considering the safety of an individual over the right of

The concepts of Leadership and Management

The concepts of Leadership and Management In recent years, there has been ongoing debate as to whether or not there is an obvious distinction between the concepts of Leadership and Management (McCartney Campbell, 2006).Although leadership and management are vital to organisations many theorist argue that both terms are profoundly different and that both exist as two separate entities (Bennis Nanus ,2003; Hughes, Ginnett Curphy ,2002; Shriberg, Shriberg Kumari, 2005 ; Zaleznik, 1977, cited by McCartney Campbell, 2006 ). Bennis Nanus (2003) argues that managing is to bring about, to accomplish, to have charge of or responsibility for and to conduct, whereas leading is to influence and provide direction (p.20). Bennis Nanus (2003) asserts that Managers are people who do things right and leaders are people who do the right things (p.20). Hence, the connotation can be interpreted as an association between efficiency and effectiveness, vision and rational and finally innovation and logic (Sampson Daft, 2009). Although Benn is Nanus (2003) statement is mostly true there appears to be an indistinguishable region, due to the fact that leading is considered as one of the four functions of management and that leaders occasionally use certain managerial skills to achieve personal and organisational goals. This essay will provide linkages between theoretical arguments of both Leadership and Management first by providing a theoretical definition on both terms followed by a well developed argument on the basis of whether or not both terms are distinct or that one paradigm is a subset of the other (Koontz, 1964, as cited in McCartney Campbell, 2006). Numerous management texts often define management as a set of activities directed at an organisations resources with the aim of achieving organisational goals in an efficient and effective manner (Griffin, 2002, p.7, as cited in McCartney Campbell, 2006). Sampson Daft (2009) describe leadership as the ability to influence people to the attainment of organisational goals through interpersonal relationships that co-exists between leaders and followers. Colvard (2003) argues that although managers provide leadership and vice versa, managers do not perform the unique functions of leaders. Similarly, Bennis Nanus (2003) emphasised that leaders generally carried out a different organisational purpose than that of managers, as leaders required different sets of skills to meet organisational goals. In contradiction to Colvard and Bennis Nanuss statements , Caldwell (2003) claims that in current times innovation is as much essential in management as in leadership, as managers no longer pe rform their traditional role of directing and controlling work procedures but act more often as facilitators (Kirton 1980; Kanter 1989) . In recent years there has been much written on the difference between leadership and management (Sampson Daft, 2009). One of the many viewpoints suggested is that both management and leadership require distinct skill sets that vary from one another to such a degree that they are unlikely to become uniform (Zaleznik, 1977, cited in McCartney and Campbell, 2006). Often the Distinctions between management and leadership are associated with power, personal history, motivation and even empowerment. Contemporary leadership texts maintain their position in regards to the differences argued between both concepts, with references to Benniss quote. An alternative notion on leadership and management is that one paradigm is a subset of the other, therefore signifying the ability of an individual to possess both leadership and managerial skills. Koontz (1964) implied that managers possess leadership skills even though it accounts for small fraction in the functions of a manager. In contrast, Bennis and Nanus (1985) considered leadership as being the most comprehensive concept of the two by presenting it as the preferred alternative to management. Many other theorists believe that leadership and management are complimentary skill sets that are both necessary for organisational success (Kotter, 1990). Russells (2001) described individuals who possessed both sets of skills as leader-manager. As there are many perspectives, it appears that the debate concerning whether leadership and management skills are distinct interpersonally or whether they can coexist intrapersonally has not yet been fully resolved (Yukl, 2002). Both Zaleznik (1998) and Kotter (1990) emphasises that leadership and management may be similar and yet very distinct. Managers set up and account for whereas leaders establish direction. Managers control while leaders motivate. Managers produce high standards and consistency in a specified timeframe. Leaders produce the potential for dramatic change and possibly even failure (Kotter, 1990). The vast amount of research on the issue of the difference between the concepts and leadership and management indicate that leaders manage and sometimes managers lead (Bass, 1990). There is more to leadership than managing and vice versa as leadership is a small quantity in the functions of managment. Leaders and managers may be differentiated by attitudes, goals and values. Generally many leadership theorists argue that the functions of leaders and managers are theoretically different .However the two concepts occasionally blended, but act as two different functions. Kotter (1995) distinguishes management as the process by carrying out structured procedures and policies as method of dealing with change. The main difference argued in the distinction between leaders and managers is related to source of power and the amount of conformity it creates within the followers (Sampson Daft, 2009). Sampson Daft (2009) classify power as the ability to influence the behaviour of others (Mintzberg, 1983; Pfeffer, 1981) (p.554). In general there are five sources of power, legitimate, reward, coercive, expert and referent, which can subsequently be further divided to position and personal power (French Raven, 1960, as cited in Sampson Daft 2009). Management power comes from organisational structure by promoting stability and resolving problems in order to fulfill their task and achieve organisational goals (Zaleznik 1977; Sampson Daft 2009).leadership power, however , comes from the personal sources and interests of the leader (Sampson Daft 2009) .Legitimacy of managers depends upon employee acceptance, whereas legitimacy of a leader depends on the reception of their subordinates (Bass 1990). The great man theory focuses on leaders who have achieved a level of greatness (Kakabadse and Kakabadse, 1999). This theory presumes that a great man or individual possess the essential skills to perform as a leader. Many theorist have investigated the behaviour of leaders and how this impacts on leadership effectiveness (Yukl, 2006), the function of leadership (Shamir, 1995), as well as on contingency approaches (Baker, 2007; Fiedler, 1967). It is believed that the behaviour of a leader, rather than their personal traits determines leadership effectiveness as well as the overall achievement of organisational goals (Sampson Daft, 2009). The focus of recent research has shifted from personality traits toward the behaviour displayed by leaders. Different patterns of behaviour were grouped together and labeled as styles. The best known theory was Blake and Moutons leadership Grid .The leadership grid measured a leaders concern for people and the task at hand. the model consist of five major management styles; team management whereby set tasks are accomplished by committed workers. Secondly Club style management is when the primary focus is shifted from being task oriented to worker orientated. Authority compliance management happens when the primary focus is on efficiency in operations/productions. Middle of the road management is a style that reflects an even amount of concern on the task at hand as well as the concern for the works. Lastly , Impoverished management occurs when managers arent concerned with the task as well as the workers, taking a laissez- faire approach . This theoretical approach is often effectiv e in allowing managers to consider different actions or methods in reaching organisational goals.   In contrast, contingency leadership theories focus on the application and effectiveness of leadership styles to the different operating environments that can be found in the workplace (Sampson Daft, 2009). The contingency approach assumes the leadership behaviour is dependent on a wide variety of chance events or situations. This approach is used to identify the conditions of a task, managerial job and person as parts of a complete management situation and attempt to integrate them all into a solution which is most appropriate for a specific circumstance (Sampson Daft, 2009). Frederick Fiedlers contingency model emphasises the importance on leadership style, position power and the situation in which that leader operates. Fiedler associates the effectiveness of a leader as by assessing group situations. Fred Fiedlers Contingency Model also expects that the success of leaders will depend upon their characteristics (Sampson Daft, 2009). Path- Goal theory concentrates on leaders providing rewards individual accomplishment of objectives by illustratively providing a path to the achievement goals and the removement of barriers.   There are four primary styles of leadership styles in the path- goal theory. Firstly is supportive leadership occurs when leaders sympathises with the workers needs. Directive leadership is the situation in which leaders set out the performance goals by providing specific guidelines to allow subordinates towards the achievement of organisational goals. Thirdly, achievement oriented leadership occurs when leaders emphasises the importance of achievement of difficult tasks whereby employees are awarded according to their achievements .lastly participative leadership occurs when leaders consult with sub ordinates about work and the path in which to take to resolve problems. Leaders should adopt a style with which they complement the organisational situation to ensure that both the work is compl eted within the set period of time. Recent work on leadership has begun to distinguish leadership as something more than just the ability to influence and motivate people (Sampson Daft, 2009). Research has found that some leadership approaches are more effective than others. These types of leadership are catogorised as transformational and transactional leadership. Transformational leadership occurs when leaders broaden their horizons in order to fulfill organisational goals and the needs of employees .Burns (1977) argued that it was possible to distinguish between transactional and transforming leaders. Bass (1985) suggested transactional forms can be drawn upon and transformed. Thus, resulting in transformational leadership being efficient in the accomplishment of organisational goals

Born Of Different Cultures Essay -- Cultural Identity Essays

â€Å"Many of us live on the hyphen of Different cultures.† This statement by Richard Rodriguez is true from many people in the world today. But what factors contribute the identification with culture and a nation? The various factors that define a culture are the way people see a cultures attitude, family values, religion in the family, and the origin of your family. At the present time the people of the world are very stereotypical, this is one of the many ways to misinterpret people of a different culture. To best understand a culture you should take the time to absorb their way of life to really appreciate their culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first factor, which contributes to the identification with a culture and a nation, is a culture attitude towards outsiders. In â€Å"Canadians: What do they want?† written by Margaret Atwood, it tells of Americans attitude toward the Canadians as a lesser person and their need to be liked by others. The Canadians are looked at as inferior because after WW II, American business owners went into Canada and took over most of their businesses. Some Canadians hate Americans for this because they have taken their own identity away from Canada. In â€Å"The Arab World† by Edward Hall, he uses hidden dimensions and proxemic patterns to show how the Arab culture presents itself. â€Å"I moved my body in such a way as to communicate annoyance. Strangely enough, instead of moving away, my actions seemed only to encourage him, because he moved even closer.†(p.201) This statement shows how an Arab man makes an American man nervous by getting to close. But what is too close? In the Arab culture closeness is a sign of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 respect, but in American culture closeness is only for people who are affectionate. Another example of attitudes in culture is in the story â€Å"Some Reflections on American Manners† by Alexis de Tocqueville. Tocqueville argues that American have no code of behavior and also has too much mobility in their actions. Through his essay Tocqueville uses the example that America has turned into an Individualistic Society and have destroyed the Aristocratic way of life with the new idea of democracy. The attitude of an insider of a culture is seen differently than what the visitors of that culture see. This view f... ...en their child is growing up in a neighborhood where they are the majority they can identify with them more easily. But when they move into a new neighborhood where they are the minority, they are usually picked on and have lower self-esteems. Trying to identify with a culture is a hard task to do for the children of the world today. Trying to find an identity for a child is an important thing while growing up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion I believe that the factors that contribute to the identification of a culture are attitude, family values, religion, and the origin of your family. I was brought up not to stereotype; my parents put me in a school where there were diverse cultures. I 5 made many friends of different cultures and that has helped me to this day. Being able to identify with a culture better helps you to understand why and how the do things differently than you do. Most people are afraid to learn something new but when learning a new culture and not having a basis against it makes other cultures more interesting. I believe having more influence from many cultures make you a better person because you have the view of many, not just a few, or just one.

Leslie Brinkman at Versutia Capital Essay

Introduction Versutia Capital experienced some early success in its infancy due to the emotional attachment its employees had with the company and its leader, Leslie Brinkman. Leslie provided a team oriented, supportive environment based on her core values that, in turn, attracted a diverse group of talented staff members. Initially this appeared to be a great foundation for long-term success. Unfortunately, the recent deterioration of the company’s performance has revealed that Leslie’s leadership under pressure does not match the core values of her organization. Leslie Brinkman must now ask herself â€Å"How do I behave under pressure and what signals am I sending my employees?† 1 Analysis Under pressure, Leslie Brinkman behaves impatiently. During office hours, Leslie loses her temper over fluctuations in stock performance. As one analyst recalled, â€Å"You had to catch [Leslie] at a good moment †¦otherwise she might fly off the handle or jump down your throat.† 2 Outside of office hours, Leslie continues to ride her staff. One analyst recalled, â€Å"It was not unusual to go to dinner with friends to see that I had three emails from Leslie regarding stock positions †¦it was understood that I needed to respond, and if I did not, I would often receive a follow up from Leslie asking whether I had received her previous message.† 3 Under pressure, Leslie Brinkman is not team focused. Leslie does not allow time for staff collaboration. Staff work upwards of 12 hours per day and are expected to be available by Blackberry ’24/7†². 4 Analysts describe the work environment as stressful noting that Leslie puts undue pressure on them and frequently expresses her disappointment in a blunt, confrontational manner. An analyst noted, â€Å"I was feeling increasingly burdened†¦ and I wasn’t sure [Leslie] would be sympathetic.† 5 Leslie admits that morale is low and that it isn’t the team oriented atmosphere she had dreamed about when she created the firm.6 Recommendation Leslie needs to learn to identify her stress triggers and modify her behavior in those situations to ensure her actions align with her core values. If successful, the benefits will be two fold: (a) Leslie will benefit by becoming a positive role model for her staff; and (b) Versutia Capital will benefit by  increased team cohesion. 1Langton, N. & S. Robbins. â€Å"Values, Attitudes and Their Effect in the Workplace.† In Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, 3rd Canadian ed., (Pearson Prentice Hall. 2007), p.10. 2 Julie Battilana and Rob Kaplan â€Å"Leslie Brinkman at Versutia Capital†,HBS No. 9-407-089, (Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, Rev: July 23, 2007), p.10. 3 Ibid.,p.8. 4 Ibid.,p.8. 5 Ibid.,p.10. 6 Ibid.,p.11. Action Steps Leslie must take responsibility, reflect and get help in order to successfully learn to identify her stress triggers and modify her behavior under pressure, so her actions reflect her core values. Primarily, Leslie must take responsibility. Leslie needs to immediately acknowledge that her leadership is the root cause of the dysfunction manifesting in the workplace. Secondly, Leslie must reflect. Leslie needs to take one week off of work (away from the office) to step back and gain perspective on her behavior, and the effect her leadership style is having on office dynamics. 7 Finally, Leslie must get help. Leslie does not have the skills to address this problem on her own as demonstrated by the array of questions she has come up with and the corresponding lack of answers. 8 Leslie needs to hire an executive coach to meet with her when she returns from her week long break, to help her map out what her specific stress triggers are, and how she can effectively deal with them. Conclusion Leslie Brinkman’s leadership under pressure does not match the core values of her organization. She must learn to identify her stress triggers and modify her behavior in those situations to ensure her actions align with her core values. If Leslie is able to do that by taking responsibility, reflecting, and getting help it will result in tangible benefits to her and her company. Bibliography Battilana, J. and Rob Kaplan â€Å"Leslie Brinkman at Versutia Capital†, HBS No. 9-407-089, Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, Rev: July 23, 2007. Langton, N. & S. Robbins. â€Å"Values, Attitudes and Their Effect in the Workplace.† In Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, 3rd Canadian ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. 2007.

Careless Whisper

Same with tactless, reckless, stupid.- the one who whispers, demand, control. â€Å"CARELESS WHISPERER† – it has something to do about our consciousness, conscience, and common sense as the one who whispers us to be careless.Authors: Raff yeoman Halibuts Glacial Marie Pedro okay Cyril clawing Diane Ethel Rodriguez herald taupe Date and place of composition: august 24, 2013 – event/topic thought by the group that took place in Xavier university's library fifth flu, around pm- pm August 27, 2013 – the topic was scudded by the group and shared inputs/ideas how to write about the topic. This was done in McDonald's divisor around pm- pm. August 30, 2013 – the group was able to write about the topic and starts to combine the work. This was done in raff yeoman's place around 1 pm- pm.August 31, 2013 – finalization of work, editing, and posting it to formal output. This was done in glacial marries place around pm- pm. The readers: The readers of this project are mainly the general public. Meaning everyone, everyone who's stupid enough to think that they are responsible regardless of the airless acts that they have been doing. PURPOSE: In our time now, a lot of people are in great trouble about being a responsible person. Responsible person towards themselves, other people, to the environment, and most especially to God.Are this people aware of what they have been doing? Do they think before they do something so careless to the extent of having the cost of others? This â€Å"careless† topic hopes to enlighten our minds and open our eyes to the naked truth of the obvious risk and reality of danger in the present. Contents: the contents of this project are the events/incidents that we have been witnessed on lily living. An act of carelessness has been witnessed after a high school student of Xavier university falls from the second floor of the university gymnasium.It happened outside the building barricade. Not considering the danger, the kid risk his chances jumping off the metal bars to get the ball. The floor was slippery for it was raining had made the major contribution on making him fall directly to the solid ground. The kid was not moving when I saw him. A campus security responded to him immediately and called for rescue. As I saw the kid's mouth drawing lots of blood, I felt bad for him. His careless act and decision almost put his life to an end. Students also are subject to several acts of carelessness.Irresponsible tardiness and absences are so common. Always absent, cutting classes, afterwards keep themselves pressured for they almost consumed the allowable absences. Lack of self discipline is one major problem. Not doing home works and projects. Not participating in class. And when it's time for grading, asking the teacher â€Å"WHY I GOT FAILED†, â€Å"WHY I GOT LOW GRADES†. They should have asked themselves if they did their best. If they are worthy for those grades that they been dreaming. Another incident that can be considered as â€Å"careless† happened a year ago, along Bali highway. Hen a driver still drives a public Jeep even when he was in the influence of alcohol. He was so careless that he even brought his son with him and let it sit beside him in the front seat. He should have considered his condition and think that he was in charge of the many lives of his passenger. As a result of his stupid reckless act, the Jeep that he was driving got an accident that leads to the death of 3 people and several injured including his son. He should have taken extra are thinking that his son is in the vehicle.And nevertheless should haven't drive through his condition. Carelessness leads also to the cost of the environment to go against us. This is when the former leaders of our society disregard the issue of illegal anti- environmental activities in Canaan De ROR. This includes illegal mining, illegal logging, and toleration of improper waste ma nagement. This careless act brought a massive effect after super typhoon sending hit the northern Mindanao. That was indeed a very powerful typhoon that can really caused a massive and tragic event.But the carelessness of our leaders had multiplied the damage it brought. Trees that may have slowed the falsehood were gone, drainage that should give way to the water were clogged by garbage. If leaders have took full responsibility and foreseen something like it, they should have initiated full authority and made precautions for it. All carelessness leads us to be apart from God. For we may hurt everyone and everything that he made. We may be able to be sorry for it, and be forgiven. Maybe we'll realize it sooner or later, but the fact is â€Å"the damage has been done†.